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Ceratophyllum demersum

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Ceratophyllopsida Order: Ceratophyllales Family: Ceratophyllaceae Genus: Ceratophyllum

coonstail, coontail, hornwort, rigid hornwort

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Plants entirely submerged, aquatic, rootless perennial herbs, without secondary growth.

Stems: Stems brittle or cordlike and flexuous, 0.5–3 m long, branched, forming large masses.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple (highly dissected). Leaves in whorls of 3–12 per node. Blades dichotomously dissected, variable in length, often 1–2 cm long, ultimate divisions linear. Base sessile. Surfaces glabrous. Margins serrulate. Petioles absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers minute and inconspicuous, axillary, staminate and pistillate flowers usually solitary at different nodes, often the staminate flowers above the pistillate ones. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious); Hydrogamous (pollination under water). Calyx of 8–15 linear, bract-like segments, connate at base. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens (5–)10–20(–27), distinct, spirally arranged on the flat receptacle, not clearly differentiated into filament and anther. Ovary superior, consisting of a single carpel tapering into the style; ovule 1, pendulous, orthotropous; styles 4–6 mm long; stigma decurrent.

Fruit: Achenes ellipsoid; compressed; 4–6 mm long; wingless; with 2 basal spines 2–5 mm long. seed with thin testa; endosperm absent. Seeds with thin seed coat; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 28; 38; 48

Habitat: Naturalized in ponds and reservoirs at least on Maui and Hawai'i.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • We have seen only a few naturalized collections from Kanahd Pond, Kahului, Maui, and Hilo and Waipi'o Valley, Hawai'i. Further collections are needed to determine island distribution.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 992 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:533 (M, H); Staples et al. 2002:7 (O); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:5 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:233 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ceratophyllum demersum Makawao Dist., on Haleakala highway side of Kahana Pond, floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Imada, C. T.; Takeuchi, W. N. 5803 Maui US 3/3/1988
2 Ceratophyllum demersum lihue district, adams residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. adams & c. adams jwa 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
3 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District, Adams Residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Adams & C. Adams JWA 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
4 Ceratophyllum demersum Shipman's pond, Keeau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kay, A. MSD 31763 Hawaii BISH
5 Ceratophyllum demersum honolulu district, salt lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
6 Ceratophyllum demersum kahului, canal sw corner kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7020 Oahu BISH 7/18/1985
7 Ceratophyllum demersum Waipio Valley wetland, abandoned taro patch with Myriophyllum, Egeria, Papyrus, taro, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7141 Hawaii BISH 5/17/1987
8 Ceratophyllum demersum Kahului, canal SW corner Kanaha Pond floating, +/- submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7020 Maui BISH 7/18/1985
9 Ceratophyllum demersum w maui, lahaina district, hanakaoo, kaanapali resort Submerged, forming dense mats at the south end of lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h109906 Maui BISH 10/14/1999
10 Ceratophyllum demersum kailua, coconut grove area, 209 oneawa kai place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 913 Oahu BISH 2/24/1994
11 Ceratophyllum demersum makawao, disturbed roadside on highway side of kanaha pond (haleakala hwy.) dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. imada, c.; takeuchi, w. collector number: 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
12 Ceratophyllum demersum in drainage ditch adjacent to kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kobayashi, s. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 1/2/1992
13 Ceratophyllum demersum w maui, lahaina district, ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
14 Ceratophyllum demersum Makawao, disturbed roadside on highway side of Kanaha Pond (Haleakala Hwy.) dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
15 Ceratophyllum demersum richardson's outdoor recreation center, hilo pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7173 Hawaii BISH 7/18/1987
16 Ceratophyllum demersum In drainage ditch adjacent to Kanaha Pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kobayashi, S. s.n. Maui BISH 1/2/1992
17 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
18 Ceratophyllum demersum makawao dist., on haleakala highway side of kahana pond, floating in canal adjacent to pond on sw corner In open bog vegetation on ridgetop. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, c. imada & w. n. takeuchi 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
19 Ceratophyllum demersum Wailoa estuary, Hilo submerged aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7181 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1981
20 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Adams & C. Adams JWA 43 Maui HAPI 1/1/2014
21 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu Submerged Aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, L.; 7020 Oahu HAPI 7/18/1985
22 Ceratophyllum demersum waipio valley wetland, abandoned taro patch with Myriophyllum, Egeria, Papyrus, taro, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7141 Hawaii BISH 5/17/1987
23 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu District, Salt Lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
24 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu, Bishop Museum glass aquarium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ho, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/6/1934
25 Ceratophyllum demersum Kailua, Coconut Grove area, 209 Oneawa Kai Place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 913 Oahu BISH 2/24/1994
26 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu District, Salt Lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
27 Ceratophyllum demersum shipman's pond, keeau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kay, a. collector number: msd 31763 Hawaii BISH
28 Ceratophyllum demersum Richardson's outdoor recreation center, Hilo pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7173 Hawaii BISH 7/18/1987
29 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District. Adams Residence Cultivated water garden, potted Undet. Hydrocharitaceae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adams, J. JWA_43 Kauai BISH 1/1/2014
30 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
31 Ceratophyllum demersum wailoa estuary, hilo submerged aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7181 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1981
32 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Hanakaoo, Kaanapali Resort Submerged, forming dense mats at the south end of lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H109906 Maui BISH 10/14/1999
33 Ceratophyllum demersum W. Maui. Hanakaoo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20120 Maui PTBG 2/16/2001
34 Ceratophyllum demersum Adams Residence Cultivated water garden, potted PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jesse Adams JWA_43 Kauai PTBG 1/1/2014
35 Ceratophyllum demersum honolulu, bishop museum glass aquarium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ho, a. Oahu BISH 9/6/1934
36 Ceratophyllum demersum sw corner of kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN "stemmermann, l.;" 7020 CM 7/18/1985
37 Ceratophyllum demersum Kanaha Pond, Kahului Submerged Aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, L.; 7020 CONN 7/18/1985
38 Ceratophyllum demersum W. Maui, Ukumehame, near sea level. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30137 Maui PTBG 3/26/2001
39 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District, Adams Residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adams, J. W.; Adams, C. JWA 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
40 Ceratophyllum demersum Makawao Dist., on Haleakala highway side of Kahana Pond, floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Imada, C. T.; Takeuchi, W. N. 5803 Maui US 3/3/1988
41 Ceratophyllum demersum lihue district, adams residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. adams & c. adams jwa 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
42 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District, Adams Residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Adams & C. Adams JWA 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
43 Ceratophyllum demersum Shipman's pond, Keeau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kay, A. MSD 31763 Hawaii BISH
44 Ceratophyllum demersum honolulu district, salt lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
45 Ceratophyllum demersum kahului, canal sw corner kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7020 Oahu BISH 7/18/1985
46 Ceratophyllum demersum Waipio Valley wetland, abandoned taro patch with Myriophyllum, Egeria, Papyrus, taro, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7141 Hawaii BISH 5/17/1987
47 Ceratophyllum demersum Kahului, canal SW corner Kanaha Pond floating, +/- submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7020 Maui BISH 7/18/1985
48 Ceratophyllum demersum w maui, lahaina district, hanakaoo, kaanapali resort Submerged, forming dense mats at the south end of lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h109906 Maui BISH 10/14/1999
49 Ceratophyllum demersum kailua, coconut grove area, 209 oneawa kai place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 913 Oahu BISH 2/24/1994
50 Ceratophyllum demersum makawao, disturbed roadside on highway side of kanaha pond (haleakala hwy.) dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. imada, c.; takeuchi, w. collector number: 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
51 Ceratophyllum demersum in drainage ditch adjacent to kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kobayashi, s. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 1/2/1992
52 Ceratophyllum demersum w maui, lahaina district, ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
53 Ceratophyllum demersum Makawao, disturbed roadside on highway side of Kanaha Pond (Haleakala Hwy.) dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Floating in canal adjacent to pond on SW corner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
54 Ceratophyllum demersum richardson's outdoor recreation center, hilo pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7173 Hawaii BISH 7/18/1987
55 Ceratophyllum demersum In drainage ditch adjacent to Kanaha Pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kobayashi, S. s.n. Maui BISH 1/2/1992
56 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
57 Ceratophyllum demersum makawao dist., on haleakala highway side of kahana pond, floating in canal adjacent to pond on sw corner In open bog vegetation on ridgetop. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, c. imada & w. n. takeuchi 5803 Maui BISH 3/3/1988
58 Ceratophyllum demersum Wailoa estuary, Hilo submerged aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7181 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1981
59 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Adams & C. Adams JWA 43 Maui HAPI 1/1/2014
60 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu Submerged Aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, L.; 7020 Oahu HAPI 7/18/1985
61 Ceratophyllum demersum waipio valley wetland, abandoned taro patch with Myriophyllum, Egeria, Papyrus, taro, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7141 Hawaii BISH 5/17/1987
62 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu District, Salt Lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
63 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu, Bishop Museum glass aquarium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ho, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/6/1934
64 Ceratophyllum demersum Kailua, Coconut Grove area, 209 Oneawa Kai Place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 913 Oahu BISH 2/24/1994
65 Ceratophyllum demersum Honolulu District, Salt Lake periphery channel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/3/2000
66 Ceratophyllum demersum shipman's pond, keeau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kay, a. collector number: msd 31763 Hawaii BISH
67 Ceratophyllum demersum Richardson's outdoor recreation center, Hilo pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7173 Hawaii BISH 7/18/1987
68 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District. Adams Residence Cultivated water garden, potted Undet. Hydrocharitaceae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adams, J. JWA_43 Kauai BISH 1/1/2014
69 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Ukumehame Submerged in stagnant flood control channel w. Nymphaea & Eichhornia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H30137 Maui BISH 3/26/2001
70 Ceratophyllum demersum wailoa estuary, hilo submerged aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7181 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1981
71 Ceratophyllum demersum W Maui, Lahaina District, Hanakaoo, Kaanapali Resort Submerged, forming dense mats at the south end of lagoon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H109906 Maui BISH 10/14/1999
72 Ceratophyllum demersum W. Maui. Hanakaoo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20120 Maui PTBG 2/16/2001
73 Ceratophyllum demersum Adams Residence Cultivated water garden, potted PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jesse Adams JWA_43 Kauai PTBG 1/1/2014
74 Ceratophyllum demersum honolulu, bishop museum glass aquarium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ho, a. Oahu BISH 9/6/1934
75 Ceratophyllum demersum sw corner of kanaha pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN "stemmermann, l.;" 7020 CM 7/18/1985
76 Ceratophyllum demersum Kanaha Pond, Kahului Submerged Aquatic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, L.; 7020 CONN 7/18/1985
77 Ceratophyllum demersum W. Maui, Ukumehame, near sea level. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30137 Maui PTBG 3/26/2001
78 Ceratophyllum demersum Lihue District, Adams Residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adams, J. W.; Adams, C. JWA 43 Kauai US 1/1/2014
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